Satiety is the absence of hunger; it is the sensation of feeling full.

Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31105044
Overweight people on an ultra-processed diet ate about 500 extra calories every day than they did when eating the unprocessed diet, an increase that caused them to gain about two pounds (0.9 kg) in two weeks. Limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods may be an effective strategy for obesity prevention and treatment.

How to Lose Weight Without Losing Your Mind by Doug Lisle, Ph.D., 2012 (69-minute talk)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAdqLB6bTuQ

• Human satiation sensors are perfectly accurate when eating natural whole foods from plants.
• So eating 500 Calories feels like eating 500 Calories.
• Concentrated calorie-dense foods are different; they contain little to no fiber. This is the standard American diet (SAD).
• For some lucky people, satiation sensors are perfectly accurate while eating SAD.
• For most people, satiation sensors are off by 1% while eating SAD.
• So eating 505 Calories feels like eating 500 Calories.
• Thus most people gradually become overweight.
• For very calorie-dense foods, eating 600 Calories can feel like eating 500 Calories.
• You can control your weight by modulating the amount of concentrated foods in your diet.
• The pleasure trap drives people to concentrated foods.

The pleasure trap is an addiction model that explains how people are habituated to eating processed foods. This applies to all people, thin and overweight.

The pleasure trap: Douglas Lisle at TEDxFremont
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX2btaDOBK8
17-minute talk

• 10:04 "Supranormal stimulus" means stimulus that is not part of the natural environment e.g. unnaturally rich foods like sugar, oil, and salt.
• 10:58 Dietary pleasure trap (graph of pleasure on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis):
• 11:38   - phase I natural WFPB foods
• 11:48   - phase II introduce supranormal stimulus foods
• 12:38   - phase III habituation
• 13:37   - phase IV recovery
• 16:04 Support

Breaking Free of the Dietary Pleasure Trap by Douglas Lisle, PhD
https://nutritionstudies.org/breaking-free-dietary-pleasure-trap/
Humans are drawn to caloric dense food like moths to a light.

Pleasure Trap - Alan Goldhamer DC (32-minute video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrXOXAPcHEw PART ONE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW_FYEOgJHU PART TWO

Dr. Doug Lisle: Food Addiction, Emotional Eating, Weight Loss (Part 1), Webinar 05/12/16
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suHm-PVLNi8

Dr. Doug Lisle: Live Webinar on Food Addiction, Part 2, 06/23/16
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y45bPlQtmOk

https://nutritionfacts.org/video/are-sugary-foods-addictive/
Decreased dopamine sensitivity in obese individuals.

https://nutritionfacts.org/video/are-fatty-foods-addictive/

• Frequent ice cream consumption is associated with a reduction in reward-region responsivity in humans.
• Once we’ve so dulled our dopamine response, we may subsequently overeat in an effort to achieve the degree of satisfaction experienced previously.

The pleasure trap and why you aren’t losing weight even on a WFPB diet by Jen Howk Ph.D.
http://www.jenhowk.com/2019/06/27/video-the-pleasure-trap-and-why-you-arent-losing-weight-even-on-a-wfpb-diet/

• 0:13 pleasure trap
• 2:03 genetics
• 3:50 weight equilibrium
• 5:26 calorie-restricted diet causes yoyo weight
• 6:32 slow steady weight loss wins
• 8:38 food environment

The plant-based diet | Michael Greger, MD, | TEDxBismarck (15-minute video)
https://youtu.be/k8hgfXmZSHE?t=182
Dr. Greger compares long-term weight loss and health of WFPB and Keto diets.

The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes. 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5380896/
Intervention participants attended facilitated meetings twice-weekly for 12 weeks, and followed a non-energy-restricted WFPB diet with vitamin B12 supplementation. Participants were advised to eat until satiation. Participants were asked to not count calories.

To the best of our knowledge, this research has achieved greater weight loss at 6 and 12 months than any other trial that does not limit energy intake or mandate regular exercise.